Interacción del microbioma intestinal y el hueso

Contenido principal del artículo

Gabriela Díaz de Barboza
Valeria Rodriguez
Germán Talamoni
Gabriela Picotto
María Angélica Rivoira
Nori Tolosa de Talamoni

Resumen

El “microbioma” no solo está constituido por los microbios, sino por todos los componentes que viven en el mismo hábitat conformando un nicho ecológico. Es decir, está conformado por los microorganismos (bacterias, hongos, protozoos, etc.), todo el espectro de moléculas producidas por ellos tales como sus componentes estructurales (ácidos nucleicos, proteínas, lípidos y glúcidos), metabolitos, toxinas, etc., y las moléculas producidas por el huésped. El microbioma intestinal (MI) ha emergido como un factor que tiene un gran efecto sobre la cantidad, calidad y fuerza del hueso. Las investigaciones revelan que la homeostasis ósea está ligada al microbioma saludable, mientras que la disbiosis (alteración en la biodiversidad microbiana) puede exacerbar la actividad osteoclástica y promover la osteoporosis. Los mecanismos potenciales involucrados en la interacción del microbioma intestinal y el hueso son la influencia del metabolismo del huésped, el mantenimiento de la integridad intestinal y regulación de la absorción de nutrientes, la regulación del eje intestino-sistema inmune y la modulación del sistema endocrino. Es decir que hay múltiples vías por las cuales el MI influye sobre el hueso, pero estos y otros mecanismos deben profundizarse más aún. También es necesario que se identifiquen y caractericen mejor los microorganismos que están asociados a las enfermedades óseas. El conocimiento de estos aspectos podría ser útil para el desarrollo de herramientas terapéuticas basadas en el MI que puedan mejorar la eficacia de los distintos tratamientos existentes.

Detalles del artículo

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1.
Díaz de Barboza G, Rodriguez V, Talamoni G, Picotto G, Rivoira MA, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Interacción del microbioma intestinal y el hueso. Actual. Osteol. [Internet]. 1 de septiembre de 2022 [citado 19 de abril de 2024];18(1):p. 40-52. Disponible en: https://ojs.osteologia.org.ar/ojs33010/index.php/osteologia/article/view/14
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