Investigation of a natural phenomenon: In vivo, in vitro or in silico studies?

Abstract

A subject of controversy and discussion in biomedical research is the validity of the information obtained from the experiments. Experimental models determine the conclusions and the information obtained. Basically we can divide experimental models: experiments in vivo, in vitro and in silico. An in vivo experiment is that is carried out in an animal species. The in vitro experiments are performed in laboratory devices using tissues, cells or molecules from animal species. Finally, in silico experiments are simulations of in vivo or in vitro experiments, using mathematical models and simulation software. Which one is best? Is a question that the researcher should not ask himself. The question to ask is: Which model is more suitable to answer my question about the natural phenomenon I am studying? In general the models mentioned are complementary and not exclusive. The models allow us to study in vivo biological conditions in which a phenomenon occurs and what are the consequences. In vitro models approximate us the underlying mechanisms, and in silico models allow us to anticipate the magnitude of system's responses to changes in the variables involved. Although the same information could be obtained with in vivo models, there is no doubt that less time and low cost is involved in obtaining the information.