Síndrome metabólico, metformina y hueso

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Nahuel E. Wanionok
Antonio D. McCarthy

Resumen

El síndrome metabólico se de!ne como un trastorno heterogéneo y  multifactorial con riesgo cardiovascular elevado. Actualmente  se encuentra en franco crecimiento debido al sedentarismo y la ingesta rica en grasas y azúcares. Su tratamiento incluye la indicación de cambios en el estilo de vida, con realización de actividad física y una alimentación saludable e hipocalórica. Cuando esto no es eficaz, se pueden utilizar diferentes fármacos, y entre los más prescriptos se encuentra la metformina, caracterizada por su acción insulino-sensibilizante.
Numerosos trabajos han estudiado la vinculación del síndrome metabólico con el tejido óseo. Se demostró como resultado general, aunque no concluyente, que dicho síndrome se asocia con una disminución de la densidad mineral ósea y un aumento en la incidencia de fracturas osteoporóticas. Una de las  imitaciones de estos estudios clínicos estaría ligada a la gran heterogeneidad de los pacientes con síndrome metabólico. Por otra parte, y dado que diversos  estudios preclínicos han sugerido posibles acciones osteogénicas de la metformina, se ha investigado el posible efecto óseo de un tratamiento con este fármaco en personas con hiperglucemia o disglucemia.
Varios estudios clínicos muestran que este efecto sería nulo o, en algunos casos, de carácter protector para el sistema óseo. No obstante, se debería tener precaución en el uso de dicho fármaco en pacientes que necesiten dosis altas y/o posean riesgo elevado de fractura, ya que sus altas concentraciones podrían tener consecuencias negativas sobre el metabolismo óseo.

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Wanionok NE, McCarthy AD. Síndrome metabólico, metformina y hueso. Actual. Osteol. [Internet]. 31 de mayo de 2023 [citado 16 de octubre de 2024];18(3):p. 169-182. Disponible en: https://ojs.osteologia.org.ar/ojs33010/index.php/osteologia/article/view/68
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